Deep brain stimulation is a therapy that stimulates the corresponding areas of the brain, records and analyzes neural signals, and to effectively treat a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Neural stimulator and electrical signal recording system is the key device of this therapy. This paper reviews the characteristics of neuroelectrical signals, stimulation and recording systems, introduces the architecture and basic module of the system, analyzes the application of deep brain electrical stimulation in neurological diseases, and summarizes the future trend.