Objective To detect and analyze the expressions of serum inflammatory factors in chronic renal disease (CKD) rats with vascular calcification by antibody microarrays. Methods Thirty SD male rats were randomly divided into control and model groups. The model group was treated with adenine gavage and adriamycin caudal intravenous injection to establish a model of CKD with vascular calcification, while the control group was given corresponding saline treatment. Twenty-eight days after administration, the levels of serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, blood calcium and blood phosphorus were measured. Sirius red staining, HE and von Kossa staining were used to detect morphological changes in renal and aortic tissues. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expressions and distributions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in the aorta. Antibody microarray was used to detect 27 inflammatory cytokines in serum samples from the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorus levels were increased. Sirius red staining showed marked renal fibrosis,and HE and von Kossa staining showed elastic fiber rupture and calcium deposition in aortic media. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of α-SMA was decreased and that of Runx2 was increased in the model group compared with the control group. Antibody microarray results showed that compared with the control group, the levels of CINC, GMCSF,IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-6, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TIMP-1, L-selectin, IL-2 and IL-10 were increased by different degrees from those in the control group, while IL-4, IL-13, fractalkine, IL-1β and TNF-α were lower than in the control group.Conclusions There is a significant imbalance in the levels of inflammatory factors in CKD rats with vascular calcification,in which proinflammatory factors play a leading role.