Diabetic macrovascular disease is a low-grade inflammatory state, and its pathological basis is sustainedvascular injury caused by immune inflammatory reaction. An imbalance of immune cells leading to immune inflammatorymicroenvironmental disorder in the large blood vessels is the central immune inflammatory reaction in this condition, but itsexact pathological mechanism is unclear. Therefore, this paper presents a review of the presence and rde macrophages,lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and mast cells, among others, in this condition. The immune cell development pathway isbriefly analyzed here with respect to the possible mechanisms of involvement of immune cells in the development of diabetic macroangiopathy.