The HIV virus is widespread worldwide, leading to the serious and infectious acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and serious impacts on human life, health and social development. Although highly active antiretroviral therapy can inhibit HIV virus replication, it is not able to eliminate virus from the body. Preventive vaccines are an important tool against HIV, but because the virus has genetic diversity and strong variability, such vaccines must be able to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies ( bNAbs) that broadly and effectively neutralize HIV strains. Research targeting the induction and generation of bNAbs for the prevention of HIV has many challenges, and it is necessary to further strengthen the scientific and technological efforts in related research directions. This review summarizes the latest progress in HIV bNAbs, including biological characteristics, production mechanisms, induction strategies and other aspects, with the goal to provide basic information and possible directions for subsequent research.