Object To study the concentration of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride in anesthetizing ostriches，and to evaluate the management of peroperative period． Methods 7 cases of ostriches were performed combined anesthesia to make femur head necrosis model． Xylazine hydrochloride 400 mg and ketamine hydrochloride 2 000 mg was administrated as basic dose，and 100 mg at a time was added as anesthesia induction． The dose of anesthesia induction，anesthesia excellence time，anesthesia maintaining time，time of palinesthesia，time of complete palinesthesia were evaluated． we also detect the respiration rate，heart rate，adverse reaction ( vomiting，salivation，restlessness) during surgery． Use nikethamide to palinesthesia after surgery． Ｒesults 7 cases of ostriches were anesthetizd by xylazine hydrochloride ( with concentration of ( 7. 83 ± 0. 32) mg /kg) and ketamine hydrochloride ( with concentration of ( 29. 03 ± 2. 42) mg /kg) respectively． The average anesthesia excellence time was ( 7. 85 ± 1. 34) min，The average anesthesia maintaining time was: ( 130. 00 ± 18. 25) min． The respiration rate and heart rate are normal during surgery． 1 cases suffered vomiting and 1 cases suffered salivation，3 cases got restlessness． All the ostriches got palinesthesia finally without incidence． Conclusion ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride are convenient method in anesthetizing ostriches，and the station of anesthesia can last a long time．