Objective This study explored the theoretical framework to develop an indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animals to improve the quality of welfare ethical review of laboratory animals in China. Methods We performed a literature review to initially develop the indicator system and then used a questionnaire survey to refine the indicator system. Next, we used expert demonstration to evaluate the indicator system. Results The indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animal was developed, including five indicators, 20 indicator contents, and scoring of the indicator contents. This indicator system was considered scientific, systematic, and operable, and had important application and promotion value after expert evaluation. Conclusions The indicator system of quality evaluation for welfare ethical review of laboratory animals in this study provides a reference for the welfare ethical management of laboratory animals in China.