Autism spectrum disorder(ASD) is a kind of neurodevelopmental disorder that has attracted global attention because of its continued rise in incidence. There is a correlation between gut microbiota and ASD. Homeostasis of gut microbiota ensures normal life activities and may affect the occurrence and development of ASD through changing neurotransmitters, metabolites, the immune system, HPA axis, and intestinal permeability by losing its homeostasis. Gut microbiota treatment method, such as probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have a treatment effects on ASD. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine may exert a certain treatment effect on ASD by through gut microbiota. The purpose of this review was to summarize the mechanism of gut microbiota disturbance affecting ASD as well as related research method and models to provide reference for the research and treatment of ASD.