Experimental animals as living reagents promote the development of life science and medicine, and draw public attention to the welfare ethics of experimental animals. Experimental animal welfare ethics is important for animal protection and plays an important role in protecting the rights and interests of experimental animals and promoting the rationality and morality of scientific research. However, during the evolution of animal protectionism, some extreme theories, such as extreme animal protectionism, have also emerged. This article summarizes the main theories of animal protectionism and the development of animal welfare ethics, and analyzes the main problems of extreme animal protectionism. This article expounds on the present situation and problems of experimental animal welfare ethics and puts forward some suggestions to promote the practice of experimental animal welfare ethics to provide references for our country’s experimental animal welfare ethics practice and system construction.