Japan is one of the main trading partners for the import and export of experimental animals in China,and its quarantine and supervision policies for the import and export of experimental animals are very detailed and strict. This article takes experimental dogs, cats, and monkeys as examples to provide an in-depth analysis of the quarantine and supervision policies for the main experimental animals exported to Japan. At the same time, it reflects on the current laws and regulations, import and export management method, standards, biosafety, breeding and management status, as well as the import and export business status of experimental animals in China. Suggestions are provided in improving the laws and regulations, import and export management method, ensuring national biosafety, improving the management level of experimental animal breeding, and promoting the import and export trade of experimental animals, in order to provide reference for comprehensively improving the production, use, and breeding management level of experimental animals in China and strengthening the trade between China and Japan.