Digestive tract tumors are currently one of the most common types of cancer, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. Their prognoses are poor and the treatments require further improvement. Caveolin-1 (CAV1) has a dual regulatory effect on digestive tract tumors as a tumor suppressor and cancer promoter. CAV1 plays a major role in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis,and drug tolerance of digestive tract tumors. The regulation of CAV1 protein and its related signaling pathways may be a strategy for the treatment of digestive tract tumors. This review analyzes the relationship between CAV1 and digestive tract tumors in terms of structure, function, expression regulation, regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and drug resistance in digestive tract tumors to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract tumors.