MicroRNAs (miRNAs) comprise a class of endogenous RNA molecules with a typical length of 19~25 nucleotides. They regulate gene expression levels by identifying homologous sequences and intervening in transcription, translation, or epigenetic processes. miRNAs have potential applications in relation to the pathogenesis, progression, and treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT refers to the abnormal coagulation of blood within the lumen of the deep veins, blocking the venous lumen and obstructing the venous return, especially in the lower limbs. Furthermore, detachment of the thrombus and entry into the lungs can lead to death. This article comprehensively reviews recent research findings regarding the diverse mechanisms of action of miRNAs in relation to DVT. Given that the regulation of miRNA expression using targeted therapeutic approaches may promote the recovery of DVT, this article also discusses the potential applications of miRNAs for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of DVT, and aims to provide valuable references and insights for future clinical and basic research in the field of DVT.