Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis and pannus formation, with an unknown etiology. The Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway has emerged as a critical therapeutic target for RA. Despite recent research progress, systematic reviews and integrated analyses remain inadequate. This review explores the mechanisms underlying the role of the Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway in the pathological progression of RA, including its regulation of inflammatory responses, fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation, apoptosis, bone destruction, and angiogenesis pathways. It also summarizes the latest research advancements in the modulation of the Wnt / β-catenin signaling pathway by traditional Chinese medicine monomers (such as phenolics, terpenoids, and quinones) and compound formulations (including Chinese patent medicines and other compound types) for the treatment of RA, with the aim of providing theoretical foundations and reference directions for future clinical applications and the development of novel drugs for RA.