Objective To get histological data of laboratory animal for pathology inspection standard by comparing histological features of system main organ. Methods 30 of ordinary adult Macaca mulatta, 20 of Kunming mice, 20 of SD rat, 18 of Japanese big ear rabbit, 16 of Beagle, and 20 of Tupaia belangeri were selected for study. After intravenous anesthesia blood letting executed, trachea and lung were anatomised，fixed in 10% formalin and stained with HE, the organizational structure of the trachea and lungs were observed under microscope. The similarities and differences of lungs and trachea were compared among the different animal species. Results (1) Laboratory animals tracheal epithelial goblet cells have differences: The goblet cell of Macaca mulatta, Beagle, Japan big ear rabbit are more than those of SD rat ，Kunming mice and Tupaia belangeri . Epithelial mucus secretion type to neutral mucus is given priority to, Beagle goblet cells secrete mucus types have neutral mucus and acid mucus. (2) Laboratory animals submucosal gland bubble distribution difference: the submucosal gland bubble of Beagle are the most, Macaca mulatta, SD rat and Kunming mice, Tupaia belangeri too few quantity, Japanese big ear rabbit submucosal gland bubble at least. (3) Laboratory animals lung bronchial branch have difference: Beagle, Macaca mulatta, Japan big eared rabbit by lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, bronchia, bronchi, terminal bronchi and respiratory bronchioles composition, SD rat and Kunming mice, Tupaia belangeri only by bronchi, terminal bronchi and respiratory bronchioles composition. (4) Laboratory animals bronchi organization structure have differences: Beagle, Macaca mulatta bronchi smooth muscle for complete circular ,there is no lack, SD rat , Kunming mice, Tupaia belangeri and Japan big eared rabbit bronchi smooth muscle thin or missing. Macaca mulatta, Tupaia belangeri and SD rat bronchi have a small amount of goblet cells,the rest of the laboratory animals were no goblet cells.(5) Laboratory animals Clara cell morphology are differences: Beagle Clara cell showed the cube,the rest of the animals is column. Conclusion There are some histological differences in trachea and lung of laboratory animals, which should be fully considered in drawing up pathology inspection standard, experimental research, or drug safety evaluation.