Objective: To explore the mechanism of baicalein inhibiting the proliferation and migration of laryngeal cancer cells. Methods: Hep-2 cells were used as the research object. The cell proliferation activity of each group was detected by MTT method, cell migration was detected by scratch assay, cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry, western blot was used to detect the expression levels of Beclin-1, LC3II/I, p62 and HDAC1 in laryngeal cancer cells in each group, RT-PCR detection of the expression levels of miR-449a in each group of cells. The targeted binding sites of miR-449a and HDAC1 were analyzed by bioinformatics software and identified by dual luciferase reporter gene experiments. The number of autophagosomes was observed by projection microscopy. Results: Baicalein significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of laryngeal cancer cells, and significantly induced apoptosis. Baicalein increased the protein expression levels of intracellular autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and LC3II, but decreased the protein expression levels of p62 and LC3I. Baicalein significantly increased the expression level of miR-449a in laryngeal cancer cells and decreased the protein expression of HDAC1. There is a binding effect between HDAC1 and miR-449a. Baicalein combined with miR-449a mimic to treat laryngeal cancer cells can more significantly inhibit cell proliferation and HDAC1 protein expression, as well as more effectively up-regulate the relative expression of miR-449a and induce autophagy. Conclusion: Baicalein can mediate autophagy and inhibit the proliferation and migration of laryngeal cancer cells via the miR449a/HDAC1 axis.