【Abstract】 Objective to explore the effects of different types of drinking water on growth and fecal flora of mice. Methods SPF NIH mice were selected and divided into 5 groups with 32 males and females in each group. they were fed with pure water (control group), acidified water, alkalized water, weak acid water and solid water, respectively. diet and body weight were monitored continuously for 20 days. after the experiment, animal feces samples were collected, and the V3-V4 region was amplified with bacterial16S rDNA universal primers. Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing platform was used for high-throughput sequencing, and microbial community, alpha diversity and beta diversity were analyzed by bioinformatics method. Results in terms of body weight, the water of weak acid in female mice was higher than that in the control group at different pH values, while the other groups were lower than that in the control group(P﹥0.05). in male mice, the body weight of acidified water group was higher than that of control group, while that of other groups was lower than that of control group, but there was no statistical difference between groups(P﹥0.05). the body weight of female and male mice with solid water was lower than that of control group(P < 0.05). in terms of food intake and water intake, the water intake and water intake of female mice in the alkalized water group were lower than that of other groups, and the water intake of female and male mice in the solid water group was lower than that of other groups. through OTU cluster analysis, the dilution curve showed that the data volume of this sequencing was reasonable. the fecal flora of NIH mice was divided into five phyla, among which bacteroidetes and firmicutes were the main phyla. at the genus level, pseudopurpuromonas, lactobacillus and mycobacterium were the main genera. there were differences in fecal flora abundance and diversity among the five drinking water types. alpha analysis showed that the acidified water group had the highest flora abundance and diversity, while the solid water group had the lowest flora diversity. beta analysis showed that the fecal flora of the solid water group and the control group were the most similar, followed by alkalized water group, acidified water group and weak acid water group, respectively. Conclusions through the exploration of different types of drinking water, it is revealed that the solid form of drinking water has a great effect on the body weight, feed intake, water intake and fecal flora of mice, and the abundance and diversity of fecal flora of mice are affected by different pH values of drinking water, especially acidified water has a greater effect on the fecal flora of mice.