Objective To establish a genetic monitoring method for laboratory quails. Methods Quail microsatellite loci were screened through literature search, and microsatellite DNA loci suitable for quail were screened by interspecific transfer method in quail closely related species, chickens and ducks. Quail liver tissue DNA was extracted as a template, and the corresponding loci were screened by PCR amplification and agarose gel electrophoresis. Finally, based on the amplification of the selected microsatellite loci, the number of alleles, and polymorphism, microsatellite loci combinations for quail genetic quality detection were selected and detection methods were established. Results We preliminary determined 23 microsatellite loci for genetic monitoring of closed-colony laboratory quails. Conclusion A genetic monitoring method for laboratory quails is preliminary established.