Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii infection, which is widely spread in nature. Animal models are important tools to study the etiology and pathogenesis of infectious diseases and evaluate the effectiveness of vaccines. In recent years, a variety of animal models such as invertebrates, rodents and non-human primates have been used to study Q fever. This paper summarizes the research status of different Q fever animal models, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of these models, and summarizes the requirements and standards of future modeling work.