The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a conserved cellular energy Adenosine monophosphate, plays an important role in regulating cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, phosphorylation, crosstalk, and glucose and lipid metabolism. AMPK is activated when the body is low in energy or under certain extreme conditions, and it's suppressed when there's an excess of nutrients to maintain the energy balance. In addition, the regulatory mechanism of AMPK signaling pathway mediating ferroptosis also reflects its unique role. AMPK plays a special regulatory function in different organelles, which provides a new direction for disease therapy. It is also a therapeutic target for the prevention of diseases such as reproductive system diseases, aging, cancer, inflammation and cardiac dysfunction. This article reviews the damage of cellular energy imbalance to the body's microenvironment. AMPK stimulates its potential therapeutic potential in diseases and drugs through diverse signal regulatory mechanisms, it provides a new way of treatment for different system diseases. This review summarizes the diverse regulatory mechanisms of AMPK signaling pathway, and provides theoretical reference for cancer therapy and other diseases therapy targeting AMPK.