Neural loops are formed by interconnections between neurons through synaptic structures, Which are the basic units of information transmission and processing in the brain and play an important role in the regulation of neural functions. After Stroke, the neural connections between the infarcted area and the peri-infarct region and the remote area are damaged, resulting in patients at risk for neurological dysfunction or even disability. However, with advances in detection technology, more and more studies have demonstrated that patients with stroke can produce some functional recovery during the chronic phase, possibly related to the re-establishment of synaptic connections and neural circuits. Therefore, the development of specific technology to identify and manipulate neuronal activity patterns, as well as the use of high temporal and spatial resolution imaging strategies to decipher these neurological processes allows us to understand the whole-brain network dynamics of stroke recovery and the mechanisms by which neural loop reestablishment occurs. Furthermore, we could neurobiologically comprehend the closed-loop relationships that underlie the development of stroke pathology to behavioral outcomes. Current technology for studying neural circuits focus on optogenetics, chemical genetics, in vivo calcium imaging, and functional magnetic resonance imaging technology. This article will introduce the working principles of these four major technologies, focus on summarizing the results of their respective applications in resolving neural remodeling after stroke, and briefly analyze the application scenarios, advantages and disadvantages, and future development trends of each technique. This paper will help clinical and basic researchers to to utilize these technologies in discovering new therapeutic strategies as well as evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies.