Objective: Explore the mechanism of Juanxiao Decoction in regulating the type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) in the treatment of obese asthma. Method: Sixty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group (High Fat Diet+OVA), and Juanxiao Decoction groups (low-, middle-, and high doses of 8.5, 17, and 34 g?kg_-1^{), dexamethasone group (}1 mg?kg_-1^{), with10 in each group.} Except for the normal group, other groups were fed high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and OVA sensitization and atomization inhalation were used to establish an obesity asthma model. From the first atomization, the low-, medium-, and high dose groups of Juanxiao decoction and the dexamethasone group were given corresponding drugs by gavage, while the normal group and model group were given equal amounts of saline by gavage for 7 days. Observing the state of each group of mice and changes in typical symptoms of obesity asthma. Within 24 hours after the last challenge, a fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect the four items of blood lipids and the classified count of inflammatory cells in alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Hematoxylin- eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the morphological changes of lung tissue and abdominal fat in mice. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in BALF and serum of mice, as well as the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)、Interleukin-13(IL-13)and mouse thymus activation regulating chemokine (CCL17) in lung tissue. The levels of IL-17A₊^{ILC3 and IL-22₊}ILC3 cells in lung tissue and peripheral blood of mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect the expression of P-STAT3 protein in lung tissue. Results: Compared with the model group, the general state and typical obese asthma symptoms in the middle and high dose groups of Juanxiao decoction were obviously improved. Pathological staining showed that the airway inflammatory cells infiltrated and the airway wall thickened in the model group. However, compared with the model group, the lung inflammation in dexamethasone group and Juanxiao decoction group was improved, especially in the middle and high dose groups. The levels of IL-1β, IL-17A^₊ILC3, IL-13 and CCL17 in lung tissue of mice in model group were higher than those in normal group (p＜0.05), while the proportion of IL-22_＋^ILC3 and the expression of P-STAT3 were significantly lower than those in normal group(p <0.01,p＜0.05). After the intervention of middle and high dose of Juanxiao decoction, the levels of IL-1β, 17A₊^ILC3, IL-13 and CCL17 decreased significantly(p＜0.05,p＜0.01,p＜0.001)and the the proportion of IL-22_＋^ILC3 and the expression of P-STAT3 increased significantly(p＜0.05,p＜0.01,p＜0.001).Conclusion: Juanxiao decoction can alleviate lung inflammation and allergic reaction in obese asthmatic mice, and improve the inflammatory environment of the body, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the secretion of cytokines by ILC3.