Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of Five-element music on the social behavior of Pregnant Children with Allergic Stress during Pregnancy, in order to provide a basis for the early prevention and treatment of clinical fetogenic affective disorders. Methods Forty-five pregnant mice were randomly divided into three groups: a blank group, a model group, and a Five Element Music group. In the model and Five Element Music groups, the model was induced using the bystander electric shock method. Additionally, the Five Element Music group was exposed to Palace Tune Five Element Music daily from 17:00 to 19:00 during pregnancy. On the 19th day of pregnancy, ELISA was employed to assess the levels of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol (CORT) in the serum of pregnant mice in each group for modeling evaluation. The offspring were subsequently grouped with their mother mice and underwent an 8-week-old three-box social experiment to observe social behavior. We utilized the immunofluorescence double-labeling method to detect glutamatergic neuron activity in the mPFC region of the offspring mice. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography was employed to measure the total glutamate (Glu) content in the mPFC region of the offspring mice, while Gorky staining was used to observe changes in dendritic spines of mPFC neurons in the offspring mice.Results Compared to the blank group, the model group exhibited a significant increase in the levels of ACTH and CORT in the serum of pregnant mice, alongside a significant decrease in the social interaction time and social novelty preference index of the offspring mice. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the activity of glutamate neurons, glutamate content, and neuronal dendritic spines.In contrast, when compared to the model group, the Wuxing Music group demonstrated a reduction in the levels of ACTH and CORT in the serum of pregnant mice, as well as improvements in the social behavior, glutamate neuron activity, glutamate content, and the condition of neuronal dendritic spines in the offspring. Conclusions The intervention of Five-element music effectively ameliorates offspring"s social behavior disorder resulting from prenatal fear stress, with its mechanism potentially linked to enhancing glutamate neuron activity in the mPFC region.