Objective In order to effectively use the characteristics and benefits of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical therapy, bibliometric approaches are being used to investigate the Dominant diseases of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Geriatric diseases. Methods The clinical research literature of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Geriatric diseases in the past 10 years was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM. The research trend and clinical efficiency of each disease were statistically analyzed to determine the potential dominant diseases of TCM treatment. Results A total of 22,859 articles were collected, with 3768 being included in the research. According to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) of the World Health Organization, the diseases were classified into 17 categories and 149 diseases, primarily affecting the circulatory system, the skeletal musculoskeletal system or connective tissue system, and the digestive system. Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine clinical trials on the treatment of geriatric illnesses cover a diverse spectrum of diseases, although the distribution is unequal. Potential dominant illnesses are eventually identified to include osteoporosis, constipation, and hypertension, with heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease, diabetes and its complications, and insomnia being potential sub-dominant diseases.