As a common mood disorder, depression has a complex pathogenesis. In recent years, with the accelerated pace of people’s lives, the prevalence rate has increased year by year, attracting people extensive attention. External stress and inflammation jointly damage blood vessel and brain functions, induce immune disorders, cause microglia activation and increase the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and their receptors, inflammatory reaction continues to occur, which affects the normal metabolism and metabolism of the neurotransmitter system. Abnormal functioning of molecular pathways leads to mutations in brain cells and nerves, and the further formation of the immune-inflammation-neuron cycle path becomes an important mechanism in the occurrence and development of depression. a large number of studies have shown that Traditional Chinese medicine treatment can improve depression symptoms by restoring neuroimmune inflammation homeostasis. From the perspective of neuroimmune inflammation, this article explains its close connection with depression and its pathogenesis, and reviews the role of various traditional Chinese medicine antidepressant therapies in improving and treating depression by participating in the regulation of neuroimmune inflammation to provide a new angle of view for the precise treatment of depression and the development of immune-targeted drugs.