The medial prefrontal cortex engages in various higher brain functions, including attention, transition of consciousness, and information integration, and becomes the central structure of action of general anesthetics. In addition, it is considered both the end point of the bottom-up model of layer-by-layer transmission of information and the starting point of the top-down modulation and integration of information. Classically, the medial prefrontal cortex can be divided into six layers in the vertical direction, with rich neural connections and different functions between layers. In this review, it describes laminar flow structures in the medial prefrontal cortex. Then, the review discusses that the general anesthetics change consciousness via cortical laminar flow structures. To this aim, the article reviews the available evidence in current studies from rodents, primates, and human studies that highlight the role of the medial prefrontal cortex in anesthesia.