The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the key research focuses in the field of life sciences. Exercise serves as an important intervention for ameliorating neurodegenerative diseases., and studies have demonstrated that aerobic exercise, resistance training, and multimodal exercise combinations can significantly improve AD. Analysis reveals that its pathogenesis is closely associated with the regulation of exercise in suppressing inflammatory responses, optimizing the activation states of astrocytes and microglia, promoting hippocampal neurogenesis, and improving blood-brain barrier function.This article reviews the effects and mechanisms of different exercise methods in improving AD and makes prospects, with the aim of providing theoretical and experimental basis for the exercise prevention and treatment of AD.