【Abstract】Objective miR-207 is differentially expressed in many diseases. It investigate the mechanism study of miR-207 overexpression on regulating the survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra) in macrophages to provide a theoretical basis for targeted therapy of tuberculosis. Methods The experiment was divided into four groups: blank group (Ana-1 cells only), control group (cells infected with H37Ra), mi group (infected with H37Ra and transfected with miRNA-207 mimics), and mi-NC group (infected with H37Ra and transfected with mimics NC). A model of TB infection was established using H37Ra infected Ana-1 cells, and miRNA-207 mimics and mimics NC were transfected into Ana-1 cells using the liposome transfection method. Tuberculosis colony-forming unit counting to assess the effect of miR-207 on intracellular mycobacterial load and clearance of extracellular residual mycobacteria. Flow cytometry was used to detect the total apoptosis rate. The relative expression of miR-207, apoptosis genes, pyroptosis genes, inflammation genes and autophagy genes were measured by qRT-PCR. western blot was used to detect the relative expression of apoptosis proteins, pyroptosis proteins and autophagy proteins. Fluorescence microscope and multifunctional enzyme labeling instrument were used to detect the fluorescence intensity of intracellular ROS, as well as to detect the content of intracellular LDH. Results Successful establishment of infection model was observed under the microscope. qRT-PCR detection found that miR-207 expression in control group was lower than that in blank group, indicating that miR-207 was differentially expressed in blank and control groups. miR-207 expression in mi group was significantly higher than that in mi-NC group, indicating successful establishment of transfection model. Colony forming unit counting found that the number of colonies in the mi group was higher than that in the mi-NC and control groups. The total apoptosis in mi group was higher than that in mi-NC and control groups by flow cytometry. qRT-PCR and western blot showed that the relative expression of apoptotic genes and apoptotic proteins was higher than that in blank group in control group, and that in mi group was higher than that in mi-NC group. the relative expression of inflammatory genes was higher than that in blank group in control group, and the relative expression of inflammatory genes was higher than that in mi-NC group, and the relative expression of inflammatory genes was higher than that in mi-NC group. The relative expression of inflammatory genes in control group was higher than that in blank group, and that in mi group was higher than that in mi-NC group, and the relative expression of pyroptosis genes and pyroptosis proteins in control group was higher than that in blank group and that in mi group was higher than that in mi-NC group. The relative expression of autophagy positively regulated genes LC3 and Beclin1 as detected by qRT-PCR was higher in the control group than in the blank group, and lower in the mi group than in the mi-NC group. The relative expression of negatively regulated autophagy genes had the opposite trend to that of autophagy positively regulated genes. The relative expression of autophagy-related proteins was consistent with the trend of autophagy genes. ROS fluorescence intensity was found to be higher in control group than in blank group, and higher in mi group than in mi-NC group. LDH content was found to be higher in control group than in blank group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the content in mi group and that in mi-NC group.The relative expression of negatively regulated autophagy genes LC3 and Beclin1 was higher than that in blank group, and lower than that in mi-NC group. Conclusions The miR-207 overexpression promotes apoptosis, cellular pyroptosis and inflammation, inhibits autophagy, favors H37Ra survival and provides a new direction for the treatment of tuberculosis.