The elective course “Practical Mouse Anatomy & Comparative Medicine” is a comprehensive technical course designed to cultivate the foundational theoretical knowledge and experimental skills in laboratory mouse anatomy for undergraduate students in medical and pharmaceutical-related fields. With the increasing demand for innovation and entrepreneurship training programs and undergraduate participation in research laboratories, this course systematically teaches the anatomical knowledge of the eight major systems and local anatomy of experimental mice, emphasizing the combination of theory and practice to provide a comprehensive learning platform. The course continually explores and reforms its practices to ensure that the teaching content keeps pace with the forefront of scientific research, fostering a rigorous and pragmatic scientific attitude in students, thereby laying a solid foundation for their future research work. This paper discusses the effectiveness of the course in enhancing students’ research literacy and practical abilities, aiming to provide a reference for the design and implementation of similar courses.