Renal cancer is a common and increasingly prevalent malignancy with a complex pathogenesis influenced by genetics, smoking, and obesity. Current treatment mainly involves surgery, with adjunctive chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, but high recurrence and metastasis rates limit effectiveness, emphasizing the need for better therapeutic targets. Growing evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications, particularly RNA modifications, play a critical role in renal cancer development and progression. This review highlights recent advances in renal cancer epigenetics, focusing on RNA modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I), N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), and N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C), along with their regulatory factors. It also explores the potential of targeting RNA modifications and associated proteins for diagnosis and therapy.