The oxygen division pressure in high-altitude areas is low. If you are exposed to high-altitude areas for a long time, the body will be in a state of low-pressure hypoxia. Low pressure and hypoxia will stimulate a variety of mechanisms in the body, affecting the normal operation of the body. One of the main reactions of the body to hypoxia is hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). When HPV is aggravated, it will induce altitude heart disease (HAHD). HAHD is a clinical type of chronic mountain sickness (CMS). Its main characteristics are vasoconstriction and hyperproliferative remodeling of the pulmonary artery. The pressure of the pulmonary artery continues to increase, further increasing the posterior load of the right heart and causing right ventricular hypertrophy. It eventually leads to right heart failure or even whole heart failure. Although people in relevant fields have been deeply researching HAHD in recent years, its prevalence rate is still high. Researchers have been committed to finding the ideal treatment for HAHD, but this is a huge challenge. In particular, few people know about the HAHD subtype. The research on the pathogenesis and treatment of HAHD in recent years is reviewed in order to provide new clues for the prevention and treatment of HAHD.