Non-human primate (NHP) animal models are the core tools for the study of highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms, and are irreplaceable in the fields of pathological mechanism and drug discovery. However, the risk of anatomical sampling of NHP infection models in high-level biosafety laboratories is prominent, and there is a lack of research on related risk assessment and control measures. Based on biosafety regulations and practical experience, this paper systematically discusses the risk control strategies of anatomical operations from the dimensions of personal protection, instrument selection, anatomical specifications, documentation system and personnel training, aiming to improve the biosafety management level of high-level laboratories, reduce the risk of pathogen leakage and human infection, and provide safety support for the research of highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms.