Parkinson"s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, involves dopaminergic neuron degeneration, abnormal α-synuclein aggregation, and energy metabolic disruption. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key cellular energy metabolic regulator, has multiple roles in PD progression. This paper explores AMPK"s structure and function, and its regulatory mechanisms in PD, such as modulating neuronal energy metabolism, mediating mitochondrial function, inhibiting oxidative stress, inducing autophagy, and regulating neuroinflammation and apoptosis. It also reviews potential AMPK-based PD therapies, including natural products (resveratrol, curcumin, etc.), gene therapy, and targeted delivery systems, while noting the need to precisely control AMPK"s dual effects (e.g., overactivation causing energy stress). Future research should focus on AMPK"s interactions with other pathways (e.g., SIRT1, NF-κB) and improving the spatiotemporal specificity of targeted treatments for clinical translation. This study offers crucial theoretical support for understanding PD mechanisms and developing AMPK-targeted therapies.