Growth Arrest-Specific Protein 7 (Gas7), a member of the growth arrest-specific protein family, encodes a protein that is rich in α-helix structure and is highly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in the cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. This review comprehensively examines the diverse functions of Gas7 in the nervous system, including its critical regulatory roles in nervous system development, neuronal differentiation and maturation, microtubule dynamics, cell cycle regulation, neuronal migration, axon guidance, neuronal mitophagy and repair, as well as synaptic plasticity. The results suggest that the abnormal expression of Gas7 is closely related to the occurrence of a variety of nervous system diseases and drug addiction. Nevertheless, the molecular regulation and underlying mechanisms of GAS7 remain to be fully elucidated. Further investigation in this area may offer novel insights into the pathogenesis of neurological diseases and serve as a theoretical foundation for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.