The levels of sex hormones in women during menopause are closely related to the progression of Alzheimer"s disease. The elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and the decreased levels of estrogen jointly drive the pathological process of Alzheimer"s disease, including amyloid-β protein deposition, microtubule fibrillary tangles, neuroinflammation, and excessive activation of glial cells. This article elaborates on the relevant pathways and mechanisms by which the increase in FSH levels and the deficiency of estrogen during menopause exacerbate the pathological process of Alzheimer"s disease, providing a reference for the subsequent treatment of this disease.