Physiological telemetry technology enables real-time monitoring of physiological parameters in freely moving organisms through wireless transmission, overcoming the spatial limitations of traditional detection methods. This provides reliable physiological data for fields such as cardiovascular pharmacology, neuroscience, and metabolic research. This paper systematically reviews the technical principles and current status of implantable and non-implantable systems, summarizing core technological advancements such as sensor miniaturization, optimized wireless energy transmission, and the application of intelligent algorithms. The study further analyzes the adaptability of different experimental animal models and their application value in fields such as cardiovascular and neuroscience. Future development trends will focus on continuous breakthroughs in flexible electronics, intelligent algorithms, and standardized operations to achieve more precise and universal physiological monitoring. By integrating artificial intelligence and 3D printing technology, this technology will be widely applied in both basic research and clinical translation.