【】 The cGAS-STING signaling pathway is a crucial DNA recognition and signaling mechanism in the innate immune system, which is widely involved in the occurrence and development of immune-related diseases. However, in inflammatory lung diseases, excessive activation of this pathway may lead to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, thereby exacerbating or promoting disease progression. Currently, there is a lack of systematic research on the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in these diseases. This review summarizes recent literature and systematically discusses the role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in inflammatory pulmonary diseases such as COPD, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as the latest advancements in related drug research. The research indicates that cGAS converts ATP and GTP into cGAMP, activating the STING pathway, which triggers the production of type I interferons and participates in the immune response, cellular senescence, and inflammation processes in the aforementioned diseases. This article provides a reference for further understanding the pathogenesis of inflammatory pulmonary diseases and targeting therapeutic strategies, offering new perspectives for future research.