Hypoxia is an important part of the pathogenesis of many chronic respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebral ischemia and solid tumors and other major diseases. Cell hypoxia mode is an important tool to analyze the mechanism of hypoxia response and screen potential therapeutic targets. The scientificity and applicability of its construction directly affect the reliability of the research conclusions, and are of great significance to the development of related disease prevention and treatment research. At present, the research on the construction and application of cell hypoxia model has achieved stage-by-stage results, but there are still some limitations in the model evaluation system and tissue cell specificity. This paper summarizes the current status of research on the mechanism of hypoxia occurrence and development and evaluation of indicators, combines the tissue-specific characteristics, and discusses the construction and optimization of the cellular hypoxia model, which provides a reference for the construction of the model, and assists in the research and development and translation of targeted therapies.