Animal experiment courses are a crucial practical component in the life sciences field. However, traditional teaching often overemphasizes theoretical instruction, leading to issues such as insufficient skill development, weak ethical and safety awareness, detachment from real-world applications, and a lack of innovation training. To address these challenges, this study introduces the outcome-based education (OBE) concept, constructing a student-ability-centered animal experimentation curriculum system. Based on OBE, three-dimensional objectives were established: mastering foundational knowledge, proficiency in experimental skills, and enhancing comprehensive qualities. A closed-loop framework of "content conception—program design—process implementation—experience summarization" was adopted. Using authentic research projects as the vehicle, theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and research capability cultivation were organically integrated through project database construction, process-oriented evaluation, and team collaboration models. Practice demonstrates that the OBE model significantly enhanced students" knowledge mastery, skill proficiency, and teaching satisfaction, effectively fostering their team collaboration, problem-solving, and innovative thinking abilities. This study shows that project-driven teaching under the OBE concept can resolve the structural dilemmas of traditional experimental teaching, thus providing an effective pathway for enhancing the quality of animal experimentation courses and cultivating high-caliber scientific research talent.