Objective: To explore the effects of phillyrin (Phil) on wound healing and inflammatory response after hemorrhoid surgery in rats by adjusting the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Methods: A rat model of hemorrhoids was established using acetic acid injection, and randomly included into Model group, Phil-L low and high dose groups (Phil-L, H), and Phil-H+JAK2A activator coumermycin A1 (CA1) group, in addition, another healthy rats were served as the control group (NC), each with 12 rats. Vernier caliper was used to measure and calculate the wound area of rats, and the degree of perianal edema was observed and evaluated. The total blood cell count was used to detect the number of white blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes in each group of rats. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β] in serum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in perianal tissues. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to measure JAK2 and STAT3 mRNAs in perianal tissues. Immunoblotting was used to measure the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and JAK2/STAT3 pathway related proteins in perianal tissues. Results: Compared with the NC group, the Model group showed increased infiltration of inflammatory cells in the perianal tissue of rats, conspicuously increased wound area and edema degree, conspicuously increased white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in serum, JAK2, STAT3 mRNAs and p-JAK2, p-STAT3 proteins in perianal tissue, and conspicuously decreased the proportion of lymphocytes, VEGF and MMP-9 proteins (all P<0.05). Compared with the Model group, Phil could conspicuously reduce inflammatory cell infiltration in perianal tissue, decrease wound area and perianal edema degree, and reduce white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, JAK2, STAT3 mRNAs and p-JAK2, p-STAT3 proteins, conspicuously increased the proportion of lymphocytes, VEGF and MMP-9 proteins (all P<0.05), and the changes were dose-dependent (all P<0.05). Compared with the Phil-H group, the Phil-H+CA1 group showed a conspicuous increase in perianal wound area and edema degree in rats, conspicuously raised wound area and edema degree, conspicuously raised white blood cell count, neutrophil percentage, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in serum, JAK2, STAT3 mRNAs and p-JAK2, p-STAT3 proteins in perianal tissue, and conspicuously decreased the proportion of lymphocytes, VEGF and MMP-9 proteins (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Phil can inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, suppress the inflammatory response after hemorrhoid surgery in rats, and promote wound healing.