Drug screening is a crucial stage in drug development, and animal models serve as an essential foundation for disease research and drug screening.The selection of suitable models can elucidate disease mechanisms, reduce research costs, and expedite the research process. Caenorhabditis elegans, a multicellular eukaryote, has become an invaluable tool in life sciences research due to its minimal ethical concerns, short life cycle, low cost, ease of experimental manipulation, fully sequenced genome, and significant homology with the human genome. This article synthesizes recent domestic and international literature to review the progress in drug screening using C. elegans, including its application in aging models, age-related neurodegenerative disease models, anti-tumor models, and anti-infection models, and summarizes the effective drugs screened based on these models. The aim is to provide theoretical references and foundations for future research.