Rheumatoid immune diseases, as a common type of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease, have a complex pathogenesis involving abnormal activation of multiple immune cells and inflammatory factors. Macrophages are the main mediators of immune regulation in the body. Macrophage phagocytosis refers to the process in which cells use their own lysosomes to degrade and clear apoptotic cells, maintain immune homeostasis, and promote inflammation resolution under the regulation of phagocytic related genes. In recent years, studies have found that macrophages are the main mediator cells in maintaining the immune balance of rheumatic immune diseases. Macrophage phagocytosis plays an important regulatory role in rheumatic immune diseases, participating in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and affecting the occurrence and development of diseases. Therefore, the mechanism of macrophage cell burial in rheumatic and immune diseases has become a research hotspot in this field. Meanwhile, the rapid progress in drug research targeting the cellular burial pathway suggests that it may become a new direction for the treatment of rheumatic and immune related diseases. Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the comprehensive treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases, with definite therapeutic effects. Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in the comprehensive treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases, with definite therapeutic effects. Various active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine, such as sinomenine (SIN), astragalus polysaccharide (APS), triptolide (TPL), berberine (BBR), curcumin (Cur), triptolide (TPL), tanshinone IIA, etc., can upregulate the expression of cell burial related proteins Mer tyrosine kinase (MerTK), growth arrest specific protein 6 (Gas6), scavenger receptor A (SR-A), microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), etc. by regulating relevant signaling pathways, thereby activating macrophage cell burial and exerting immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. Delaying the progression of rheumatic and immune related diseases. This article summarizes and summarizes the research results on the regulation of cell phagocytosis by active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases in recent years. It analyzes the relevant signaling pathways, regulatory factors, and their characteristics of regulating macrophage phagocytosis, in order to clarify the mechanism of action of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine in activating macrophage cell phagocytosis for the treatment of rheumatic and immune diseases, and provide ideas and references for clinical applications.