Recent studies have found that the imbalance of protein quality control plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Among them, endoplasmic reticulum stress and abnormal autophagy-lysosome pathways are key regulatory mechanisms. Traditional Chinese medicine can reduce neuronal damage or death and alleviate cognitive impairment by regulating the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and ALP. Monomers of traditional Chinese medicine such as dihydroartemisinin, oleanolic acid, curcumin, ligustilide, baicalein, and curcumin can coordinate the balance of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy-lysosome pathways by regulating key molecules such as GRP78, CHOP, LC3, LAMP1, and P62. Traditional Chinese medicine formulas such as Huanglian Jiedu Decoction, Kaixin Powder, Dihuang Yinzi, Jiajian Shuyu Pill, and Heixiaoyaosan can alleviate endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve the development defects of autophagy-lysosome pathways through PINK1/Parkin, ATF4/CHOP, XBP1-IRE1, and mTOR signaling pathways, thereby exerting neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this article systematically expounds the potential of the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy-lysosome pathways in Alzheimer's disease and the research progress of the regulatory mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, providing new strategies for the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.