Objective To understand the detection status of pathogenic microorganisms in laboratory mice and rats in China, and to provide data support for the selection of pathogen items for their quality control. Methods Seven independent Laboratory Animal Health monitoring Centers from different regions in China were organized by CALAS to statistically analyze the pathogen detection results from samples submitted for testing between 2020 and 2024. Results Pathogens with relatively high detection rates in mice included: Pasteurella pneumotropica (2,635/93,401, 2.82%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2,994/95,204, 3.14%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (619/91,468, 0.68%), Staphylococcus aureus (342/59,208, 0.58%), Corynebacterium bovis (2,235/43,043, 5.19%), Mycoplasma (485/89,281, 0.54%), Mouse Hepatitis Virus (MHV, 5,661/111,178, 5.09%), Sendai virus (SV, 351/83,426, 0.42%), Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus (TMEV, 217/18,154, 1.20%), Murine Norovirus (MNV, 2,467/29,902, 8.25%), Ectoparasites (887/83,383, 1.06%), Flagellates (4,368/85,339, 5.12%), Helminths (919/83,522, 1.10%). Pathogens with relatively high detection rates in rats included: Pasteurella pneumotropica (539/9,927, 5.43%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (287/9,837, 2.92%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (191/9,775, 1.95%), Staphylococcus aureus (431/7,684, 5.61%), Mycoplasma (113/9,956, 1.13%), Sendai virus (SV, 112/9,782, 1.14%), Rat Parvovirus (H1/KRV, 222/12,033, 1.84%), Flagellates (224/9,347, 2.40%), Helminths (206/9,338, 2.21%). No significant regional or annual differences were observed in the detection rates of these pathogens. Conclusion This study represents the first statistical testing data from multiple regional of China, preliminarily reflecting the quality control level of microbial and parasitic pathogens in laboratory mice and rats in China. Except for the relatively high detection rates of MHV, SV, and some parasitic pathogens, the detection levels for other items are generally comparable to those reported in regions such as Europe, the United States, and Japan.