B virus is one of P4 zoonotic agent, which can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in humans. The virus naturally infects macaque monkeys, resulting asymptomatic or mild in macaques, but it can be fatal in humans. B virus disease in humans is usually attributed to animal bites, scratches, or percutaneous inoculations with infected materials. The survival rate will increase if prevention and therapeutic measures are taken in time after infected by B virus. This paper reviews the prevention and therapeutic methods for BV infection.