Objective To evaluate the virological and immunological changes in rhesus macaques infected with SHIVCHN19P4 virus，isolate and prepare SHIVCHN19P4 virus stock suitable for passaging in rhesus macaques. Methods Two adult rhesus macaques were infected with SHIVCHN19P4 virus intravenously. For serial passages，10 mL of whole blood from each of the P1 rhesus macaques at 60 d was transfused intravenously into two native rhesus macaques. To analyze the changes of features in those monkeys by flow cytometry，PCR，binding antibody and sequence alignment. Simultaneously，SHIVCHN19P4 virus stock was propagated by PBMCs co-culture. Results All of the four rhesus macaques established systemic infection，the infectivity of the virus was considerably enhanced after passaging. The sequence analysis revealed that SHIVCHN19P4 acquired adaptive changes. Conclusions Our findings provide a firm basis for establishing a SHIV infection model of Chinese rhesus macaques. This model may be very useful for HIV-1 subtype C vaccine and pathogenesis studies.