Objective To determine the viral concentration of SHIV1157ipd3N4 to infect Chinese-origin rhesus macaques intravenously， and to clarify the viral replication and immunological impairment in the monkeys after SHIV1157ipd3N4 inoculation. Methods 10 Chinese-origin rhesus macaques were used in this study. Firstly，all the monkeys were screened by serological test to ensure that they were free of SIV，SRV，and STLV. Then they were infected with 1 mL of 10-fold serial dilution of SHIV1157ipd3N4 separately. Finally to make blood routine examination and measure the viral loads of the monkeys by real-time RT-PCR. Results More than 5 TCID50 /mL of SHIV1157ipd3N4 can infect the Chinese-origin rhesus macaques i. v. successfully. Conclusions Our findings of this study provide a firm basis for establishing a SHIV1157ipd3N4 infection model of Chinese rhesus macaques intravenously. This model would be very useful for HIV-1 subtype C vaccine and pathogenesis studies.