Objective To observe the pathology changes in lungs lesions of captive rhesus monkey，explore the distribution rule and pathological features of diseases in respiratory system． Methods We postmortem 155 nature dead monkeys from 2 ～ 20 years which were bred in institutes in Yunnan provinces． Monkeys were divided into young，adult and aged groups according to their age． The pathology changes of lung were investigated by routine histopathological technique and the analysis of chi-square test was performed． Results Of 155 monkeys，59 samples have lung lesions，the ratio was 38. 06% ． the main lesion include pulmonary edema，intralveolar hemorrhage，lobar pneumonia，alveolar organization，lobular pneumonia， chronic bronchitis， bronchiectasis， interstitial pneumonia， granulomatosis of lung， emphysema，pulmonary abscess，pleurisy． The kinds and the frequency of lesions are different in different age groups． Conclusions The incidence rates of diseases of lung of breeding rhesus macaques is higher and its interference effect should be seriously taken． Some pathological changes of lung are different in diverse age groups． The results of our test enrich the data of the captive monkeys，and it is useful in quality control of captive monkeys and animal tests．