Objective To study the effect of probucol on the oxidative stress of kidney in diabetic rats． Methods Diabetes mellitus rat model was induced by streptozotocin( STZ) ． 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group ( NC) ，diabetes mellitus group ( DM) ，probucol-treated diabetes mellitus group ( DP ) ． After 8 weeks，body weight and kidney weight ( calculate kidney weight / body weight) ，urine albumin excretion rate(UAER) and biochemical indicators including blood glucose(BG) ，total cholesterol ( TC) triglycerides( TG) ，serum creatinine( SCr) ，blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were measured; The levels of maleic dialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase ( SOD) ，catalase ( CAT) ，glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) in the renal tissue were determined; the renal tissue was observed by light microscopy: renal morphology parameter including glomerular area and glomerular volume by PAS staining． Results Kidney weight，ratio of kidney weight to body weight，UAER，TC，TG，SCr，BUN and glomerular area，glomerular volume on histological examination of the kidney were significantly increased in DM group rats than those in NC group． The changes described above were attenuated by treatment with probucol ( P ＜ 0．05) ． Elevated MDA level as well as decreased activities of SOD，CAT and GSH-Px in diabetic renal tissue were also remitted by probucol ( P ＜ 0. 05 ) ． Conclusions The renoprotective mechanism of probucol may be at least partly correlated with relieving oxidative stress in the renal tissue of diabetic rats．