Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1) clade C is the most prevalent clade in the world，and simian-human immunodeficiency virus ( SHIV) encoding HIV-1 clade C env and by which the nonhuman primates model is made are efficient tools for investigation of human acquired immune deficiency syndrome ( AIDS ) ． SHIV-1157i and variations from SHIV-1157i can successfully infect rhesus macaques and pig-tailed macaques via mucosa and causing symptoms like AIDS eventually，and the slow process of onset in the in vivo model of rhesus macaques resulted from these SHIVs is similar to HIV-1 infection from human being． Therefore，to elucidate the pathogenesis of infection of rhesus macaques by SHIV-1157i and its variations is of great significance for investigating HIV infection and pathogenesis in human being，and for development of candidate AIDS vaccines targeting HIV-1 clade C env．