Objective To investigate the genetic background features of Macaca fascicularis and to establish the genetic quality monitoring method in Macaca fascicularis． Methods Using microsatellite DNA genetic markers，genetic quality monitoring and DNA polymorphism analysis were conducted in 50 Macaca fascicularis． Results 20 loci with high polymorphism was selected from 100 microsatellite DNA loci，among which allele numbers in Macaca fascicularis were 5-10，and individuals showed a high degree of polymorphism． Observed number of alleles( Na) was 5. 0 ～ 10. 0，effective number of alleles( Ne) was 4. 6118 ～ 8. 3404，gene diversity ( H) was 0. 7832 ～ 0. 8801 and Shannon＇s information index ( I) was 1. 5651 ～ 2. 1592. Conclusions The experiments effectively analyzed the genetic diversity of Macaca fascicularis， and it can provide a theoretical foundation for establishing genetic quality monitoring method with specific microsatellite loci selected in Macaca fascicularis．