Objective To establish a mouse model of acute infection with M． tuberculosis suitable for pharmacodynamic evaluation of anti-TB drug candidates． Methods Female C57BL /6J mice were infected with intravenous injection of 3 × 105 CFU M． tuberculosis H37Rv． Bacterial load and pathological changes in the spleen and lung were analyzed at 1 d，1 w，2 w，3 w，4 w，6 w and 8 w post-infection． Results The bacteria load in the spleen in increased during the first 3 weeks，and maintained at a high level during the following 5 weeks． The bacteria load in the lung increased during the following 8 weeks after infection． Granuloma formation could be detected in the lung and spleen at 3 weeks after infection，and pathological injury became more severe at 6-8 weeks． Conclusions Mice hematogenously infected with a high dose of M． tuberculosis show an acute infectious condition． The mouse model of acute TB infectioon can be used in evaluation of anti-TB drug candidates．